The quality of China's doctoral programs can hardly keep pace with expanding enrollment, as research released this week shows.

The report slams flaws in the system, reporting that some professors have to supervise up to 47 doctoral candidates simultaneously.

Based on 1,392 questionnaires, the book, China Doctor Quality Survey, by Zhou Guangli, a professor at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology, shows that China's doctoral supervisors are heavily loaded, with 46 percent of the respondents supervising seven doctoral candidates at the same time.

Around 13 percent of the doctoral candidates in the survey contact their supervisor no more than once a month, and 3 percent of them said they never communicate with their supervisors, the book said.

China overtook the US to become the top doctor al-degree producer in 2008, with more than 50,000 doctoral degrees conferred that year in China, the book reported, citing an earlier report.

In 2009 there were a total of 246,300 doctoral candidates in China, and the country planned to enroll 62,000 more this year, the Ministry of Education said.

But, the number of qualified professors falls short of the growing enrollment of doctoral candidates, Zhou said, rainsing concerns over the problem that quantity is not being matched with quality.

"Reckless expansion will definitely lead to a decline of academic performance and quality given the limited education resources," Geng Shen, a researcher with the Beijing Academy of Educational Sciences, told the Global Times.

Meanwhile, students are complaining of being treated as "cheap labor" for their teachers, with 60 percent of them claiming they shouldered more than half of their teachers' work in Zhou's survey.

A 32-year-old male doctoral candidate surnamed Yu at Tongji University spends about nine hours a day helping his tutor with experiments and personal jobs, for which he receives about 200 to 300 yuan ($29 to $44) monthly.

Ruan Shouhua, a professor with the College of Education Administration at Beijing Normal University, said that some professors take up too many part-time jobs off campus, therefore they neglect their role in guiding their students to do their doctoral research.

The performance of Chinesedoctoral holders, however, has hardly satisfied their employers, with 68 percent of employers giving them "average" or "bad" marks, the survey said.

There is a prevailing stereotype in China against female doctoral candidates or degree holders, with many people calling them "the third gender."

"It is partly because colleges do not encourage female students to get married or bear a child during their study period," Ruan said, adding that some female doctors also hold high and unrealistic expectations for finding partners.

There is also a trend that an increasing number of government officials are seeking doctoral degrees for further pro-motions, and some universities take advantage of this by recruiting them. The universities are able to use official resources to boost the universities' influence, Ruan said.

A public servant surnamed Zhou in Beijing felt it was in his best interest to treat his doctoral supervisors to dinner and increase his personal relationships with them.

"I don't have survival concerns at present, but I believe a doctoral degree can help me get promoted in the future," Zhou told the Global Times.

It's a systematic flaw that government often bases promotions purely on a candidate's educational background, which causes a growing number of officials to chase a higher level of education, Geng said.

"Some officials can not fulfill the academic tasks while working, inevitably leaing to academic corruptions including the use of cash or power to avoid doing necessary work to obtain the degree," he said.
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At the end of seven weeks

Eat shaddocks and does not throw the peel away
The shaddock is sweet and delightful and slightly bitter too, favor deeply by the people. But often give it up to the thick shaddock peel, really too regrettable. The fragrance that in fact the shaddock is leather can not merely be regarded as fresh pharmaceutical in the room, can also eat, and there are very good health care functions.

Medical research makes it known, contain flavonoids materials such as shaddock and leather glucoside and rutin,etc. in the shaddock skin, these materials have anti-oxidant activity function, can reduce the viscosity of the blood, reduce the forming of the thrombus, have better prevention function on brain blood vessel diseases such as cerebral thrombosis and apoplexy,etc., especially suitable for the middle-aged and elderly people to eat. Contain rich amount of pectin in the peel of the shaddock, not only can also prevent atherosclerosis by improving looks.

Chinese medicine think shaddock skin warm, flavor arduous to do, have, regulate the flow of vital energy to reduce phlegm, relieve cough on the flat function that breathes heavily, there is " the leather Nian's fish's handleless cup of shaddock, does not get a cough to manage for one winter " among the people Statement,it last old age it is the chronic to cough breathe heavily and last good merchantable brand phlegms colds timid.

The edible method that the shaddock is leather is numerous, but because of its bitterness of taste, must prune the blue and green yellow crust first, soft white sponge part is sliced, put into boiled water and boil for about 10 minutes while leaving (can cross with the chopsticks) ,Pull out and put into fresh water and push washing, after pushing the moisture, can cook according to the needs of one's own one. Through fry, braise, burn, make cold and dressed with sauce shaddock skin into, fry shaddock skin, shaddock skin fry meat, shaddock skin buckle the meat, shaddock skin boil cooked food such as the meat, Barbecued Spare Ribs, the perfume that such cooked food can make the shaddock leather and perfume of the meat permeate each other, delicious and having a distinctive flavour.

In addition shaddock skin boil tea with honey, have, disappear food, except that phlegm, relieve alcoholic intoxication, efficiency of improving looks etc., often eat, assist the function of treating on hypertension, vascular sclerosis, fat disease.
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Soybeans resist aging
Soybeans are the superstar resisting aging and preventing cancer in the food

As everyone knows: Soybeans are nutritious and value superelevation, so soybeans are known as " the kings of the beans " ," Tanaka's meat "  , " green milk of ox "  Wait, soybean several hundred natural food state-run to raise and learn the food that house advocate all the most too.

Soybeans: The most basic favorable healthy food. Do you know how many advantages unknown by the people soybeans have?

Soybeans not only can prevent breast cancer effectively. Soybeans facilitate preventing prostate cancer too.

As a kind of natural polyphenoils, soybeans are one of the most important food in meal of good health and a long life. Because soybeans can resist the injury to the organism of free radical, strengthen the ability of resisting the old and feeble disease of organism cell. So a lot of nutritionists claim soybeans are natural "  Anti-aging medicine "  . A research that Dr. Hamann known as father of the old and feeble theory of free radical does shows, take soybean experimental animal and those of albumen take casein '  Albumen in the ordinary meal)  Animal compare, last free radical extent of damage against cell greatly, the life-span of these animals was lengthened 13% too at the same time.

This result of soybeans is not merely confined to the experimental animal. As everyone knows, the soybean amount that Japanese consume every day takes the first place of the world, their life service life is longer than the people of any country in the world too. Probably consume 28 grams of soybeans in Japan each every day. This is probably 30 times of soybean quantity that an American consumes. So the probability that Japanese suffer from heart disease, cancer, diabetes and osteoporosis is lower than the other persons of various countries.

Such high-efficient antioxidant function of soybeans may be because of a kind of material which is named the wooden brass of pigment that it contains. The wooden brass of pigment is extremely rare important antioxidant, it has biological activity of enormous resisting aging. This kind of result of resisting aging of the wooden brass of pigment includes:

Interfere with cancer patient's biological activity of the cancer cell in the body of different periods. These cancers include: Breast carcinoma, cancer of colon, lung cancer, prostate cancer, skin carcinoma, leukemia,etc..

Reduce the deposition of the fat spot on the artery wall, reduce and suffer from heart disease, brain soldier to neutralize the danger of arteriosclerosis.

The result of study of professor Dr. Barnes of the pharmacology of U.S.A. Alabama university reveals too, the wooden brass of pigment can make the incidence of animal's breast carcinoma drop by 40% - 65%. Compare by intaking amount few American woman with soybean, edible breast carcinoma their, woman of Japanese, of soybean incidence American 1/4 of women only often. The function mechanism of resisting breast carcinoma of soybeans has two respects: The tissue cells acting on the organism directly play its anticancer role; The malignant change takes place in the breast tissue to prevent estrogen. The phenomenon can appear before menopausal and among the woman after the menopause.

The same as the function of preventing breast cancer. Soybeans facilitate preventing prostate cancer too. Through observing the male contrast in Japan and U.S.A., the researchers have verified the anticancer function of soybeans.

The other magical function on human health of little such bean include increasing the organism "  It is good " The level of cholesterol, reduce the level of triglyceride, still can drop to the danger of suffering from adult's diabetes, the running off to increase the skeleton density of calcium through preventing the organism.

For reach edible soybean result of resisting aging that produce, must define you soybean albumen (soy sauce and soya-bean oil hardly contain the soybean albumen absorption, so, they have not promoted the mankind to be the macrobiotic characteristic) . Take in one cup soy milk or 3-4 dried bean curd every day '  150 grams of dried bean curd or 300 grams of bean curd)  . This intaking amount means Japenese's normal and ingestive quantity of 50-75 milligrams of soybean albumens of every day. In order to reach the anti-aging effect, you must eat the soyfood every day, remember this is very important. Studies have suggested like wooden brass of pigment chemical material pleuripotent keep 24-36 hours in the body in us the most. So, this requires us to take in enough big soyfood to meet organism cell's demands every day.

Japanese know very well the medical treatment and health care value of the bean curd, are deeply in love with bean curd, become the nationality liked taking liberties with joke in the world most. They eat the bean curd cold and dressed with sauce in summer, eat the spicy hot bean curd in winter. In the ordinary restaurant, the bean curd becomes people's first-selected food. Japan is per capita to eat up more than 20,000 grams of bean curd for each person every year, Japanese's longevity has some relations with it.
The Hawaii physician in U.S.A. once found 20 follow-up investigation to 8000 Japanese Americans, eat one or two, take one people of bean curd three week only every week, prostate cancer ill to lead people that take liberties with joke 3 times higher unexpectedly than every day, it means the magical efficiency of the anticancer that the bean curd gives protection against cancer.
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